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Link established between red meat and bladder cancer

Source:October 18, 2012 | American Asso Release Date:2012-10-19 261
Food & Beverage
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Two components of red meat combined with alteration in dna repair increase risk for bladder cancer

ANAHEIM, CA — Researchers have found that two components of red meat — dietary protein and dietary iron — may combine to form highly carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, which increase the risk for bladder cancer. Individuals with a reduced ability to reverse the effects of N-nitroso compounds due to a genetic variation in their RAD52 gene could also be at particularly high risk, according to the study.

The study was presented by Chelsea Catsburg, a doctoral student at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, at the 11th Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, held in Anaheim, California from Oct. 16-19, 2012.

According to Catsburg, dietary protein, which is made up of amino acids, can be naturally metabolized into biogenic amines. Studies have shown that the processing and storage of meat increases amine concentration. In the presence of nitrites, these amines generate nitrosamines, which have carcinogenic properties. Additionally, heme iron, which is found in red meat, has been shown to increase the formation of nitrosamines from amines.

“Nitrosamine formation occurs predominantly in the stomach and intestines, so these exposures have been studied extensively in relation to gastric cancer and somewhat in relation to colorectal cancer,” Catsburg said. “However, there is evidence that these reactions also take place in the bladder, particularly in the presence of infection.”

Catsburg and colleagues previously found that meat groups with high heme and high amine concentrations, such as salami and liver, increased the risk for bladder cancer. This study examined whether genetic variation in DNA repair enzymes, which correct the damage caused by these endogenously formed carcinogens, modified these associations.

The researchers tested 627 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 27 genes involved in N-nitroso compound metabolism or DNA repair. They collected data from 355 bladder cancer cases and 409 controls in the Los Angeles Bladder Cancer Study.

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