Lowering body fat with PUFAs

A SMALL but significant study comparing how two common dietary oil supplements affect body composition suggests that both oils, by themselves, can lower body fat in obese postmenopausal women with Type 2 diabetes. The two oils compared were safflower oil, a common cooking oil, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a compound naturally found in some meat and dairy products and that has been associated with weight loss in previous studies. Both are composed primarily of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are considered "good fats" that, when consumed in proper quantities, are associated with a variety of health benefits. In the study, 16 weeks of supplementation with safflower oil reduced fat in the trunk area, lowered blood sugar, and increased muscle tissue in the women participants. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for the same length of time, on the other hand, reduced total body fat and lowered the women's body mass index (BMI), a common health measure of weight relative to height. All of the women in the study took one type of oil for 16 weeks, followed by the other oil for an equal amount of time. The participants were instructed not to change their diets or exercise patterns over the course of the study so the research would measure the effects of only the supplementation. The dose of either oil taken each day was approximately 1 2/3 teaspoons. The daily supplementation contained 6.4 grams of each of the oil's active fatty acid - linoleic acid in the case of safflower oil, and specific fatty acid isomers (compounds that share the same chemical formula but differ in chemical structure) in CLA. "Making this subtle change in the intake of high-quality dietary fats in an effort to alter body composition is both achievable and affordable to postmenopausal women in the United States who are managing the difficult combination of obesity and diabetes," said Martha Belury, professor of human nutrition at Ohio State University and senior author of the study. Reduction of trunk fat Amongst the most surprising findings: that in 16 weeks, these women could lose between about two pounds and four pounds of trunk fat simply by taking safflower oil supplements. "I never would have imagined such a finding. This study is the first to show that such a modest amount of linoleic acid-rich oil may have a profound effect on body composition in women," Professor Belury said. Postmenopausal women tend to lose muscle at the same time that body fat accumulates toward their middle, so this research shows how dietary oils can complement lifestyle and medication in helping older diabetic women manage their health, she said. Crossover shows different effects The women were randomised into two groups to determine which supplement they took first. Each initial 16-week supplementation was followed by a four-week washout period to remove the first supplement from their systems before the next 16-week supplementation period began. The supplements were contained in eight pills; the women took two pills four times per day, at meals and bedtime. "The power of the crossover is that it tells you the different effects of the dietary oils in the same woman," Professor Belury said. The researchers used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, commonly known as DXA and usually used to measure bone density, to determine the women's baseline and follow-up lean mass and fat throughout their bodies and specifically in their trunk region. Researchers asked the participants to keep diet and activity records for three consecutive days at four points over the course of the study to account for the potential for calorie intake or exercise to affect the results, Professor Belury said. Physical activity remained unchanged throughout the study, and no significant differences were seen between the two groups' rAir Max 2018 Dunk SB