Useful approach to extract metal

For many years biomining was thought to be a technology for the recovery of metals from low-grade ores. Today it is being used as main process for recovery of copper and as important pre-treatment step for gold recovery in their respective mining processes.

The metal industry can be divided into two categories, ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals.
Ferrous metals primarily consist of iron and varieties of steel. The non-ferrous metals include mainly copper, aluminium, zinc, nickel, lead and tin.

The Turkish copper industry constitutes a significant part of Turkey's total metal production. Turkey's copper production reached six million tonnes. Although the production of copper has been increasing each year since 2004, Turkish copper import levels remained very high, amounting to US$2 billion. Imports are mainly from Kazakhstan, Russia and Bulgaria.

Turkish aluminium consumption increased to 989 thousand tonnes in 2009 with a CAGR of 5 percent between 2005 and 2009. Turkey is dependent on imports due to the lack of domestic aluminium supply. 81 percent of the total imports were primary aluminium whereas the main items exported were aluminium extrusions and flat products, bars, rods and profiles, together comprising 55 percent of the total exports in 2009. Aluminium is mainly imported from Russia, Norway and Germany whereas aluminium products are mainly exported to Germany, Iraq and the UK.

Biomining
Biomining is the extraction of specific metals from their ores through biological means usually bacteria. Although it is a new technique used by the mining industry to extract minerals such as copper, uranium and gold from their ores but nowadays biomining occupies an increasingly important place among the available mining technologies.

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